To explore Brazilian oncologists’ barriers to discuss goals of care and advance care planning. Understanding the barriers to this topic is the first step toward developing future interventions that are more likely to improve professional practice and patient satisfaction with care. Despite their well-established benefits, ACP and goals of care discussions are still not frequently performed in clinical oncology practice. Advance care planning (ACP) and goals of care discussions are important instruments that enable respect for patient autonomy, especially in patients with a life-threatening disease, such as cancer.